Answers to Questions

Answers – “The Income-Tax Man”

1. Conversational, easy and friendly in society.

2. He is thinking of a way of finding out about his business without the other one knowing he is doing it.

3. He tells him all about his business so that the latter trusts him enough to tell him about his own.

4. Giving talks to people.

5. His talks, his income from the newspaper, what he got from a book he wrote called The Innocents Abroad.

6. Three and a half to five dollars, according to the cover.

7. He feels uncomfortable because he thinks he has told him all his secrets for nothing.

8. A form on which to record his income for the purpose of income tax.

9. Impolite and formed with such wonderful skill that the oldest and wisest man in the world couldn’t understand the meaning of most of them.

10. Information about whether the narrator had been a robber, or whether he had set fire to anything and things of the sort.

11. By encouraging his pride, persuading him to admit he had earned more money than he had actually had.

12. Because, as an income-tax man, he is interested in wealthy people since their taxes will be higher than those of poorer people.

13. He talks to a wealthy man who had a lot of money but seemed to have no income.

14. He takes them, picks up a pen and rearranges the allowances so as to make him look as a poor man.

15. He lifts a two-dollar note out of his father’s pocket.

16. Because he thinks the wealthy man is regarded as someone with high moral value and social standing. Also, of course, because he really doesn’t want to pay as much as he should.

17. He decides to lie, even at the risk of losing all his self-respect.

Answers – “The Upper Berth”

1. Because the conversation was failing and they were all a bit drunk.

2. He was a man of about 35 who had the ability of attracting people’s attention whenever he spoke. He was strong and with a size above the average. When he started speaking, everybody stopped talking and listened carefully.

4. He used to like it because it had a lot of advantages, but he stopped liking it because of what happened to him the time he stayed at room 105.

5. He looked as if he was about to cry bitter tears or to drop Brisbane’s bag.

6. By giving money to them from time to time.

7. He thought he was drunk.

8. The night, because at that point people are so tired that they go to bed feeling no shame about it.

9. Because he saw he had a partner, and it was something that he had not expected.

10. He decided he wouldn’t talk to him or have any relationship with him whatsoever.

11. He felt a dampness in the room and an unpleasant coldness.

12. There was no dampness but the window was open.

13. He was surprised and wanted to know which room he was sleeping in.

14. His own room.

15. They had all gone into the sea.

16. If he had noticed anything strange in his roommate’s behaviour.

17. He told him he could stay in one of the officers’ rooms, but Brisbane declined the offer because he preferred to be alone in his own room.

18. Because he thought he wasn’t doing his job, since the window in his room was open once again.

19. To shut the window more tightly.

20. The window was open, so he closed it. He then heard a movement behind him and a cry of pain, so he pulled the curtains of the upper berth apart and put his hands forward to check if there was anything there.

21. He got hold of something that felt like a man’s arm but smoother, wet, and very cold. The thing he had touched suddenly moved and disappeared.

22. That he didn’t doubt his story. He also asked him if he believed in ghosts.

23. To find out the truth of what was going on.

24. The captain, because he thought that rumours about ghosts aboard wouldn’t be good for the reputation of the ship.

25. He got out of the window and into the sea.

26. He saw how the screw was slowly turning, even though no one was touching it.

27. He explained about the man that had gone out of the window and drowned in the sea. AFter that, it seemed, the room remained damp.

28. Something ghostly, like the body of a man long drowned but with the strength of several men.

29. His arm.

30. That it is not free.

Answers – “My Bank Account”

1. The clerks, the desks, the sight of the money… Everything.

2. Because his salary had been raised and he felt a bank was the only place for it.

3. He talked to an accountant and he wanted to see the manager.

4. Because he thought he was a detective.

5. His mysterious manner and the fact that he wanted to talk to him in private.

6. Because he thought he was a wealthy man, and instead of that, he was just an average man with an average salary who just wanted to open an average account.

7. He takes it all out.

8. He wanted six dollars but wrote fifty-six dollars on the cheque instead.

9. In a sock

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Summary and Questions – MY BANK ACCOUNT

Summary of “My Bank Account”

The narrator has an irrational fear of banks but, having received a raise in his salary, decides that he needs to open an account. When he gets into the bank, his nerves lead him into asking to see the manager alone, saying he would open a very large account, walking into the safe and writing a cheque for the whole amount he had deposited. He leaves the bank with his 56 dollars in his pocket, and decides to keep his savings in a sock.

Questions

1. What things frightened the narrator whenever he walked into a bank?

2. Why did he decide to walk into a bank in spite of his fear?

3. Who did the narrator talk to once in the bank and who did he ask to see?

4. Why did the manager accept to talk to the narrator in private?

5. What had made the manager think the narrator was one of Pinkerton’s detectives?

6. When the narrator explains about the account he wants to open and the money he intends to place in it, the attitude of the manager changes. Why is this?

7. What did the narrator do right after putting all his money into the new account?

8. How much money did the narrator want to take from his account and how much did he actually take out?

9. Where did the narrator decide to keep his money from then since?

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Summary and Questions – THE UPPER BERTH

Summary of “The Upper Berth”

At a party, Brisbane, an old sailor, tells a story about a ghost on board the Kamtschatka. He had been assigned the lower berth in cabin 105 and noticed everybody was nervous about it. On the fist night, he found the window open, and heard the man who shared the cabin with him ran away. The following morning he was told that the man had disappeared. The same had happened to three other men who had travelled in that cabin before. Brisbane soon found that the window would open during the night and was determined to find out what happened. He stayed in the cabin during the night with the Captain, and they found there was a strange damp creature in the upper berth. They fought it out, and the cabin was locked to passengers. Neither he nor the Captain travelled in the Kamtschatka again.

Questions

1. Why was it clear that the meeting was coming to its natural end according to the narrator?

2. Who is Brisbane? What happens when he starts speaking and in which ways does he “save the situation”?

3. Which ocean did Brisbane have to cross from time to time?

4. Why did Brisbane like the Kamtschatka and why, at a given time, he stopped liking it?

5. What was the expression on the steward’s face when Brisbane told him the number of his room?

6. How did Brisbane think he could make friends with stewards?

7. What did Brisbane think was wrong with the steward?

8. According to Brisbane, what is the most pleasant moment of the day for most of those who cross the Atlantic often?

9. Why was Brisbane surprised when he first arrived to room 105?

10. What did Brisbane decide to do with regards his roommate?

11. How did Brisbane feel when he awoke for the second time? What things did he feel about the room that he hadn’t felt before?

12. Did he feel the same way when he awoke for the third time? What had changed?

13. How did the Irish doctor react when Brisbane told him about the dampness he had felt in the room?

14. What did the doctor offer to share with Brisbane?

15. According to the doctor, what had happened to all the people who had slept in room 105?

16. What did the captain ask Brisbane and what was Brisbane’s answer?

17. What was the captain’s offer and why did Brisbane decline it?

18. Why was Brisbane angry with the steward?

19. What did the steward use a screw for?

20. What happened the second night Brisbane slept in room 105?

21. What did Brisbane find when he pulled the curtains of the upper berth?

22. What did the doctor say when Brisbane told him about the window opening again and again for no apparent reason?

23. What was Brisbane determined to do after hearing the doctor say that there was no explanation for the strange things that were taking place in room 105?

24. Who offered to share Brisbane’s watch of room 105 and why?

25. How did the second man that drowned in the sea get out?

26. While Brisbane’s eyes were fixed on the window something happened. What was it?

27. What did the captain offered as an explanation for the dampness in the room and the smell of sea water?

28. What did Brisbane seize when he jumped onto the lower berth?

29. What did Brisbane break while fighting with the ghostly being in room 105?

30. What would you be told if you asked to stay in room 105?

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Questions and Summary – THE INCOME-TAX MAN

Summary of “The Income-Tax Man”

The narrator receives a visitor in his shop and, unwilling to show his ignorance about what he does, tries to trick him into speaking about his business by boasting about how much money he has made during the year. He is shocked to find that his visitor is an income tax assessor, and sees a rich man who helps him fill in his forms so as not to pay what he should according to what he told the assessor. He manages not to pay at the cost of his self- respect.

Questions

1. According to the narrator, how do “people who have arrived at the important position of keeping a house” must be?

2. While the narrator talks and the visitor laughs, what is the narrator thinking of?

3. What does the narrator do in order to find out everything he can about the visitor’s business?

4. How did the narrator make a lot of money during winter and spring?

5. Mention three sources for the narrator’s income.

6. How much money did the narrator get for each of the copies he sold of The Innocents Abroad?

7. How does the narrator feel when the visitor stands up without telling him anything about his business?

8. What does the narrator find inside the envelope the visitor gives him?

9. How does the narrator describe the questions on the form?

10. What does the gentlest of the questions demand?

11. How had the visitor made a fool of the narrator?

12. Why does the visitor say he will be happy to have the business of someone like the narrator?

13. Who does the narrator talk to in order to avoid paying so much money to the Government?

14. What does the wealthy man do with the narrator’s papers?

15. What does Willie, the wealthy man’s son, do while the first is explaining to the narrator what he has done with his papers?

16. Why does the narrator accept the wealthy man’s suggestion?

17. What does the narrator decide to do from then on about his income?

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Summary of “The Open Window”

Having moved to the countryside in search of a cure for his nerves, and carrying a letter of introduction from his sister, Mr Nuttel visits the Sappletons. Vera, a fifteen- year- old girl, explains to him that the window is open because three years before Mrs Sappleton’s husband and brothers left through it and never returned. They sank in a bog and their bodies were never found, so her aunt is still waiting for them. Mrs Sappleton comes down and explains that the window is open because her husband and brothers are about to return. When Mr Nuttel sees them coming, he runs off without a word. Vera explains to the family that he was probably afraid of the dog, as he had been attacked by dogs in cemetery in India and had had to spend the night in a grave. Vera had a great imagination.  (Taken from “Penguin Readers”)

The story is quite straightforward. A man that has problems with his nerves goes to the countryside in order to find a cure for them and instead of finding it, he just worsens it thanks to a practical joke played on him by a girl. When Mr. Nuttel sees Mrs Sappleton’s husband and brothers returning from their hunting trip he gets scared because he believes they are ghosts and the only reason why he flees from the house is that he is scared.

By the way, this is a perfect example of what is commonly known as “frame tale” or “frame narrative”. Why am I telling you this? Because the movie we are now watching (Inception) has links with frame tales which we will see in the next lesson. A frame tale can be easily explained as a story within a story. In “The Open Window”, the frame tale deals with Mr. Nuttel’s arrival to the Sappleton’s house and what happens to him there. The story within the story is the one that Mrs. Sappleton’s niece tells him.

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Questions for “Springtime On the Menu”

1. What do you think the sentence “the world is an oyster you can open with your sword” means? Why do you think the author claims that the person who invented this sentence “became more famous than he deserved”?

2. What does Sarah do for a living?

3. Does Sarah work with other people or does she work alone?

4. What is the name of the restaurant Sarah makes an arrangement with? What sort of arrangement is it?

5. How does Sarah get the job in the restaurant?

6. Why do you think the menu ends with the words “not responsible for coats and umbrellas”?

7. How many tables are there at the restaurant?

8. How many meals a day does Sarah get in exchange for her typewritten menus?

9. Why isn’t it spring even though the spring months have arrived?

10. Why is Sarah sad?

11. While Sarah sees the brick wall from her window, what does she think of?

12. What happened over the summer? Where was Sarah spending her time during those months?

13. When were Sarah and Walter planning to marry?

14. On average, how long does it take Sarah to type the menus?

15. Why does Sarah cry over the menu when she reads the word “dandelions”?

16. What does the farmer answer when Sarah asks him why he hasn’t got in touch with her?

17. How does Walter find Sarah?

18. What does Sarah write on the menu instead of “dandelions with hard-boiled egg”?

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Inception Script

You’ll notice some differences between the script and the movie, but I reckon it could be interesting for you to check the script out.

Inception Script

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Questions for “The Rocking-Horse Winner”

1. What is strange about Paul?

2. What does the whisper in the house say? Why does it say that?

3. Why does Paul’s mother feel her family isn’t lucky?

4. What does Paul do when he starts the search of the secret of luck?

5. Where and when was Bassett wounded?

6. How much money is Paul betting on Daffodil?

7. How did Paul start betting on horses?

8. How long have Paul and Bassett been partners before Uncle Oscar joins in?

9. How much money does Paul make when he bets on Lively Spark?

10. How do Oscar and Paul arrange the way Paul’s mother will get the money?

11. What is the expression on Hester’s (Paul’s mother) face when she reads the letter from the lawyer?

12. Why does Uncle Oscar say that “a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush”?

13. What happens when Hester gets the five thousand pounds?

14. Where does Hester want Paul to go when he starts getting mad because of the races?

15. What happens when Paul “doesn’t know” which horse will win?

16. What is Paul’s secret of secrets?

17. Where is Hester when she feels something bad has happened to her son?

18. Why does Paul cry “Malabar!” when his mother sees him riding the rocking horse?

19. When Paul dies, how much money does his mother get?

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Summary of “Springtime On the Menu”, by O. Henry

Sarah, a copy-typist, types the menus for a restaurant in exchange for daily meals. Spring has come, which she has been waiting because Walter, a young farmer she met the summer before, promised her they would marry when it came. But the weather is still cold, and Walter has not written in two weeks. Sarah types the menus daydreaming of a day in the farm, when Walter put dandelions on her hair. She cries as she sees a dish of dandelions on the menu, and she mistypes its name: “Dearest Walter with hard-boiled egg.” This mistake, together with a problem in her W key, enables Walter to find her when he goes to the restaurant by chance. She had moved and Walter had not been able to find her. (Taken from “Penguin Readers”)

These are dandelions:

dandelion Summary of "Springtime On the Menu", by O. Henry

– Dandelions are connected to love according to folklore. Indeed, it is said that you can determine whether you are loved or not by blowing the seeds of a dandelion globe. If you can blow all the seeds off with one blow, then you are loved. If some remain, then you are loved with reservations. If a lot of those seeds still remain, then you are not loved at all. Take a minute to think about the reason why the main character in the story could have mistyped the word Dandelion and write Dearest Walter instead. Why dandelion and not any other word?

– Just for your consideration, the dandelion globe also works as a clock of sorts. Its flowers open at about 5 in the morning and close at about 8 in the evening. It has been used by shepherds for centuries. It also works as a barometer. If the globe is completely open, then the weather will be fine. If it closes like an umbrella, it will probably rain.

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MODAL VERBS

English Modal Verbs Table

Modal verb

Usage

Example

can

ability

I can do several things
at the same time.

when something is possible

Miracles can happen.

permission

You can go now.

informal requests

Can you come for a minute?

could

past form of “can”

She said she could pay
for us as well.

polite requests

Could you move
your bag, please?

possibility

It could be that he
missed the train.

may

possibility

It may rain tomorrow.

ask or give
permission (formal)

May I speak?

might

past form of “may”

He said he might
change his mind.

possibility

This might fail.

must

you have to do it

You must obey the law

it’s very logical or
very likely to happen

They left so early, they
must be home by now.

must not/
mustn’t

you are not
allowed to do it

You mustn’t smoke in here.

shall

future for “I” and “we”

I shall see him tomorrow.

questions and suggestions for “I” and “we”

Let’s continue, shall we?

 

 

 

 

 

 

should

 

the right thing to do

She should call the police.

advice

– What should I do?
– You should stop
thinking about it.

what is likely or
expected to happen

We should be
back by midnight.

will

future action or states
(not plans)

Prices will go up
next summer.

promises and intentions

It’s alright, I’ll pick it up.

would

past form of “will”

He told me he would come.

imagined situations

What would you do
if you were him?

for polite requests, offers and invitations

– Would you please sit down?
– Would you like some tea?
– We are meeting with Sarah
next Saturday, would you like to come along?

to say what you
want to do or have

I would like a piece of cake.

ought to

the right thing to do

You ought to apologize.

English Modal Verbs – Situations Table

Situation

Modal Verb

Example

requests
(formal)

may

May I sit down?

requests
(informal)

can

Can I sit down?

requests
(polite)

could

Could I sit down?

requests
(polite)

would

Would you mind if I sit down?

permission
(formal)

may

You may sit down.

permission
(informal)

can

You can sit down.

obligation
(full)

must

You must tell the
police the truth.

obligation
(partial)

should

You should tell
your friends the truth.

obligation (partial)
(less common)

ought to

You ought to tell
your friends the truth.

logical conclusions
(stronger than “should”)

must

He left an hour ago, so he must be there already.

logical conclusions
(weaker than “must”)

should

He left half an hour ago,
I believe he should
be there already.

possibility
(general)

can

It can rain sometimes.

possibility
(weaker than
“may” and “might”)

could

It could rain, but it is
not very common in this
part of the country.

possibility
(weaker than “may”)

might

It’s not very cloudy yet,
but it might rain.

possibility
(stronger than “might”)

may

It starts getting cloudy –
it may rain soon.

future actions/states/intentions

will

Look at the sky!
It will rain soon.

 

 

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